A phase II,single-center,randomized, double-blind,parallel control clinical study evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose schedule of serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine

BackgroundThis was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel control study evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose schedule of serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate protein, in infants and toddlers of 3–35 months old.Method720 participants were stratified according to the age of 3–5 months old, 6–11 months old, and 12–35 months old and randomly assigned with an equal ratio to two different dose groups, i.e., 40- and 20-μg doses. Blood samples were taken from all participants before the first vaccination and 30 days after the full-course vaccination to detect the serogroups ACYW meningococcal antibodies. All adverse events occurred within 30 days after vaccination of each dose, and serious adverse events occurred within six months after full-course vaccination were collected for safety evaluation. This study was registered at the China drug trial registration with the identifier CTR 20182031.ResultsAfter 30 days of full-course vaccination, 92.78 % (95 % CI: 85.70 %-100.00 %) showed the immune response against all serogroups in both high-dose and low-dose groups by rabbit serum bactericidal antibody assay (rSBA) and the geometric mean titer (GMT) of all serogroups showed a high level (74.6–505.8, 95 % CI: 56.4–615.7). However, no significant difference between different dose groups was observed (P > 0.05). The common local and systemic adverse events in both groups were redness (3 %-7%), and fever (26 %-65 %), respectively. In addition, the grade 3 adverse event related to the vaccine was fever (1.67 %-12.50 %). No serious adverse event was reported to be associate with the vaccination.ConclusionThe serogroups ACYW meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine was safe and effective in the population aged 3–35 months. The vaccine efficacy and safety of the 20-μg dose group were not less than that of the 40-μg dose group.     

1972—2016年江苏省启东市胃癌死亡流行特征分析

目的分析江苏省启东市1972—2016年胃癌死亡流行特征。方法收集启东市1972—2016年恶性肿瘤死亡登记数据库及历年人口资料, 计算死亡率、中国人口标化率(中标率)、世界人口标化率(世标率)、35～64岁截缩率、0～74岁累积死亡率、累积死亡风险、变化百分比、死亡率年均变化百分比。结果 1972—2016年启东市胃癌死亡例数为15 863例, 占全部恶性肿瘤死亡例数的16.04%, 胃癌死亡率为31.37/10万, 中标率为12.97/10万, 世标率为21.39/10万, 35～64岁截缩死亡率为28.86/10万, 0～74岁累积死亡率为2.54%, 胃癌死亡累积风险为2.51%。男性死亡10 114例, 男性死亡率、中标率、世标率分别为40.53/10万、17.98/10万和30.13/10万;女性死亡5 749例, 女性死亡率、中标率、世标率分别为22.45/10万、8.52/10万和13.92/10万。25岁以下各年龄组的死亡率<1/10万, 死亡率随年龄的增长而升高, 50～岁组达到并超过人群的平均死亡率水平, 80～岁组达到死亡高峰。1972—2016年间胃癌死...     

中外康复治疗学专业教育现状分析与启示

随着我国经济社会的发展和人口老龄化的趋势,康复技术人才的需求快速增长。与发达国家先进的康复教育水平相比,我国亟需借鉴成熟的康复治疗专业学科建设经验。通过介绍国内外康复治疗专业的学位模式、课程设置和执业资格,对比分析目前我国高校康复人才培养过程中存在的主要问题,为完善康复治疗学专业建设提供可行的建议。     

教育信息化2.0背景下网络教育的现状及对策思考——以陕西省为例

《教育信息化2.0行动计划》发布以来,全国各地积极推动教育信息化的发展,网络教育变得越来越普及。虽然网络教育在发展的过程中也越来越完善,但是还存在着一些问题。文章通过分析陕西省网络教育的现状,总结目前存在的问题并提出相应的对策,有助于更好地发展和完善网络教育,为教育信息化的发展提供借鉴。     

Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12–13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines

A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and ease the major economic impact. There has been an unprecedented rapid response by vaccine developers with now over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and at least six having reached clinical trials. However, a major challenge during rapid development is to avoid safety issues both by thoughtful vaccine design and by thorough evaluation in a timely manner. A syndrome of “disease enhancement” has been reported in the past for a few viral vaccines where those immunized suffered increased severity or death when they later encountered the virus or were found to have an increased frequency of infection. Animal models allowed scientists to determine the underlying mechanism for the former in the case of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and have been utilized to design and screen new RSV vaccine candidates. Because some Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines have shown evidence of disease enhancement in some animal models, this is a particular concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To address this challenge, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a scientific working meeting on March 12 and 13, 2020 of experts in the field of vaccine immunology and coronaviruses to consider what vaccine designs could reduce safety concerns and how animal models and immunological assessments in early clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in accelerated vaccine development.     

遏制艾滋病传播实施方案(2019-2022年)

为贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署,推进联合国.2030年终结艾滋病流行可持续发展目标的实现,落实《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》、《国务院关于实施健康中国行动的意见》(国发[2019]13号)、《健康中国行动(2019-2030年)》和《中国遏制与防治艾滋病“十三五”行动计划》(国办发[2017]8号)有关要求,解决当前艾滋病防治工作中的重点和难点问题,遏制艾滋病性传播上升势头,将疫情持续控制在低流行水平,特制定本实施方案。     

昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎流行特征及趋势分析

目的分析昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎的流行特征和流行趋势,为科学制定防控策略提供依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法,统计昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎的发病情况,分析其流行特征和趋势。结果昆明市2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2015年达到发病高峰,其发病率高达32.80/10万,总体上2013-2017年丙型病毒性肝炎发病率呈现上升趋势,且肝炎和丙肝以官渡区、五华区和西山区为主要的高发地区;无明显的季节性特点,四季均有发病;易发生丙型病毒性肝炎的人群为35~50岁的农民和家务及待业人员。结论昆明市丙型病毒性肝炎发病状况并不乐观,应加强丙肝防控力度,重点关注高发地区和高发人群,通过有效举措控制丙型病毒性肝炎的发病率。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下死亡病例报告分析的现状、思考与建议

医生在日常临床工作中,死亡病例讨论是必不可少的工作内容之一,而在突发公共卫生事件中,对死亡病例的报告与分析则有更深远的意义。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为我国带来巨大损失,医疗系统承受巨大压力,而战胜疫情的有利武器便是医疗数据及相关科学研究,死亡病例的系统分析与高效利用是关键一步。该文基于疫情下死亡病例报告记录不完善、人文视角与患者报告缺乏等现状,针对各部门机构面临巨大的数据管理压力,相关制度有待完善,规范化报告和临床科研一体化工作尚不成熟等问题提出方法学思考与建议:①建立国家医药健康数据中心,完善相关法律法规;②加大医药数据管理投入,疫情期间尽早开始数据收集与分析;③完善死亡病例报告相关内容,促进规范化报告形成;④重视死亡病例报告,回顾总结分析,强调疫情过后继续建立并完善相关平台与方案,开展相关科学研究,提升健康卫生数据管理效率,提高医疗系统抗风险能力,促进健康中国战略稳步前进。     

八段锦干预抑郁、焦虑的研究现状与思考

从八段锦的基本内涵、中医基础、应用效果、实施方法4个方面,分析、探讨近10年八段锦干预抑郁、焦虑的研究进展。研究证实,八段锦对原发性及继发性抑郁、焦虑都有良好的干预效果；认为在“健康中国”战略背景下,八段锦预防和治疗抑郁、焦虑具有广阔的应用前景。